Oxidative Stress In Patients Research Articles

Oxidative stress in patients with coronavirus disease and end-stage renal disease: a pilot study

BackgroundOxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant capacity, increases in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or renal impairment. We investigated whether combined COVID-19 and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) would increase oxidative stress levels compared to each disease alone.MethodsOxidative stress was compared among three groups. Two groups comprised patients with COVID-19 referred to the hospital with or without renal impairment (COVID-ESRD group [n = 18]; COVID group [n = 17]). The third group (ESRD group [n = 18]) comprised patients without COVID-19 on maintenance hemodialysis at a hospital.ResultsThe total oxidative stress in the COVID-ESRD group was lower than in the COVID group (p = 0.047). The total antioxidant status was higher in the COVID-ESRD group than in the ESRD (p < 0.001) and COVID (p < 0.001) groups after controlling for covariates. The oxidative stress index was lower in the COVID-ESRD group than in the ESRD (p = 0.001) and COVID (p < 0.001) groups. However, the three oxidative parameters did not differ significantly between the COVID and COVID-ESRD groups.ConclusionsThe role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 among patients withESRD appears to be non-critical. Therefore, the provision of supplemental antioxidants may not confer a therapeutic advantage, particularly in cases of mild COVID-19 in ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis. Nonetheless, this area merits further research.

Effect of cyclophosphamide combined with glucocorticoid therapy on idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial.

We aimed to evaluate the effect of cyclophosphamide combined with glucocorticoid therapy on idiopathic membranous nephropathy through a multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial. 92 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy admitted from March 2020 to September 2022 were included and assigned to a control group (n=46) and a research group (n=46) using a random number table. The control group was given glucocorticoid, and the research group was given cyclophosphamide combined with glucocorticoid. Clinical efficacy, renal function-related indicators (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and albumin, and 24-hour urine protein quantification), inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, transforming growth factor-β, and tumor necrosis factor-α), immune function-related indicators (anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody, and T-lymphocyte subsets), oxidative stress-related indicators (heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide), blood lipid-related indicators (total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and low-density lipoprotein), and adverse reactions were compared. The overall remission rate of the research group was higher than that of the control group (93.48 vs. 78.26%, p<0.05). After treatment, the research group had lower levels of 24-hour urine protein quantification, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, IL-6, IL-18, transforming growth factor-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, heme oxygenase-1, malondialdehyde, anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody, CD8+, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein, higher levels of albumin, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, and CD4+ and a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio than the control group (p<0.05). Cyclophosphamide combined with glucocorticoid therapy is effective for improving the overall remission rate and can suppress inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

Can Glatiramer Acetate Prevent Cognitive Impairment by Modulating Oxidative Stress in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination and neuroinflammation, often accompanied by cognitive impairment. This study aims (1) to investigate the potential of glatiramer acetate (GA) as a therapy for preventing cognitive decline in patients with MS (pwMS) by modulating oxidative stress (OS) and (2) to seek out the differences in cognition between pwMS in a cohort exhibiting good clinical evolution and control subjects (CS). An exploratory, prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional case-control study was conducted, involving three groups at a 1:1:1 ratio-41 GA-treated pwMS, 42 untreated pwMS, and 42 CS. The participants performed a neuropsychological battery and underwent venepuncture for blood sampling. The inclusion criteria required an Expanded Disability Status Scale score of ≤3.0 and a minimum of 5 years of MS disease. Concerning cognition, the CS had a better performance than the pwMS (p = <0.0001), and between those treated and untreated with GA, no statistically significant differences were found. Regarding oxidation, no statistically significant differences were detected. Upon categorizing the pwMS into cognitively impaired and cognitively preserved groups, the lactate was elevated in the pwMS with cognitive preservation (p = 0.038). The pwMS exhibited a worse cognitive performance than the CS. The pwMS treated with GA did not show an improvement in oxidation. Lactate emerged as a potential biomarker for cognitive preservation.

Association of NT-proBNP and sST2 with Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Stable Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between levels of sST2, NT-proBNP and oxidative stress markers in patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) due to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. A total of 88 patients with HFrEF were divided into four groups based on left ventricular ejection fraction (≤25% and >25%) and NYHA functional class (group 1-LVEF > 25% and NYHA class I or II; group 2-LVEF > 25% and NYHA class III or IV; group III-LVEF ≤ 25% and NYHA class I or II; group IV-LVEF ≤ 25% and NYHA class III or IV). In 39 (44.32%) patients LVEF was reduced below 25%, and 22 of them (56.41%) were in NYHA functional class III/IV. Of the 49 (55.68%) patients with LVEF ≥ 25%, only 18.37% were in NYHA functional class III/IV (p < 0.001). Patients with LVEF ≥ 25% had lower levels of NT-proBNP, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI). The levels of NT-proBNP but not sST-2 correlated positively with NYHA functional class (p < 0.001) and negatively with LVEF (p < 0.001). The levels of sST-2 were associated with increased TAC (p = 0.009) and uric acid (p = 0.040). These findings indicate that only NT-proBNP was related to the severity of heart failure, whereas sST2 correlated with total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, in stable patients with HFrEF due to dilated cardiomyopathy, sST2 may be an additional biomarker reflecting the redox status, but not the severity of heart failure.

Relation of catecholamines with oxidative stress in patients undergoing cardiac surgery before and after endotracheal intubation

Inroduction&#x0D; Endotracheal intubation is used to maintain the airway open so that oxygen, medicine, or anesthesia can be administered. Anesthesia and surgery boost the release of cross-regulating hormones through physiological responses and psychological stress. There is a strong link between psychological stress and oxidative stress, according to research.&#x0D; Objective: - The goal of this study was to determine the levels of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) and oxidative stress before and after endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to study association between them.&#x0D; Material &amp; Methods: - Total 30 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled. Blood samples were collected before and after endotracheal intubation. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were estimated by ELISA. MDA &amp; SOD were estimated by spectrophotometric method.&#x0D; Results: - Mean levels of plasma adrenaline (p&lt; 0.01), noradrenaline (p&lt; 0.0001) and Serum MDA (p&lt; 0.0001) were significantly decreased while Serum SOD were significantly increased (p&lt; 0.0001) after endotracheal intubation as compared to before endotracheal intubation by laryngoscopy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We found significant positive correlation of MDA with adrenaline and nor-adrenaline before and after intubation. SOD activity was negatively correlated with MDA, adrenaline and noradrenaline before and after intubation&#x0D; Conclusion: Elevated levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, MDA, and lower levels of SOD show that patients are stressed prior to endotracheal intubation, resulting in a stronger stress response and increased oxidative stress. After intubation, the levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline reduced, indicating a reduction of stress. Our study also shows a link between psychological and oxidative stress. For a better outcome and to avoid subsequent complications, it is preferable to evaluate stress levels and oxidative stress in patients undergoing cardiac surgery before and after endotracheal intubation.

Respiratory tract lining fluid copper content contributes to pulmonary oxidative stress in patients with systemic sclerosis

Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, mostly affecting young and middle-aged women. Significant questions remain as to its pathogenesis, especially the triggers for the associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). We examined the extent to which SSc and SSc-ILD were related to oxidative stress and altered metal homeostasis at the air-lung interface. Methods In this case-control study, we recruited 20 SSc patients, of which 11 had SSc-ILD. Eighteen healthy individuals were recruited as age-matched healthy controls, for a total of 38 study participants. Low molecular weight antioxidants (ascorbate, urate and glutathione), metal transport and chelation proteins (transferrin and ferritin) and metals (Fe and Cu) concentrations, including a measure of the catalytically active metal pool, were determined in respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF) collected by bronchoalveolar lavage from the SSc group and compared with healthy controls. Results In the SSc group, 14 individuals were of female sex (70%) and the median age was 57 years (range 35-75). We observed evidence of oxidative stress in the RTLFs of SSc patients, characterised by increased concentrations of glutathione disulphide (GSSG, P&lt;0.01), dehydroascorbate (DHA, P&lt;0.05) and urate (P&lt;0.01). This was associated with elevated RTLF Fe (P=0.07) and Cu (P&lt;0.001), and evidence of a catalytic metal pool, demonstrated by an enhanced rate of ascorbate oxidation in the recovered lavage fluid (p&lt;0.01). Cu concentrations were significantly associated with the ascorbate depletion rate (r=0.76, P&lt;0.001), and GSSG (r=0.38, P&lt;0.05) and protein carbonyl (r=0.44, P&lt;0.01) concentrations. Whilst these markers were all increased in SSc patients, we found no evidence for an association with SSc-ILD. Conclusions These data confirm the presence of oxidative stress in the airways of SSc patients and, for the first time, suggest that an underlying defect in metal homeostasis at the air-lung interface may play a role in disease progression.

Oxidative Stress in Postbariatric Patients: A Systematic Literature Review Exploring the Long-term Effects of Bariatric Surgery.

The present study investigates the impact of oxidative stress after bariatric surgery in patients with obesity. This field of study has gained great interest in recent years due to the role that oxidative stress plays in metabolic diseases. Obesity, by itself, can generate an increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, intensifying cellular damage and promoting the progression of adverse metabolic conditions. In this context, bariatric surgery emerges as a candidate capable of modifying oxidative stress biomarkers, facilitating the patient's metabolic recovery. A systematic review was carried out, identifying 30 studies found in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. It looked at the link between oxidative stress and recovery after bariatric surgery in patients. The selection of studies was based on the measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers before and after surgical intervention. The results reveal a significant decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers after bariatric surgery. However, a notable variability in antioxidant activity is observed between different patients, as well as a significant influence of comorbidities. Bariatric surgery is postulated as an effective intervention in reducing oxidative stress in patients with obesity, enhancing antioxidant activity and improving patient recovery. This finding highlights the importance of considering oxidative stress management as an integral part of postoperative care, suggesting the need to implement complementary treatment strategies to optimize health outcomes.

Dexmedetomidine mitigates acute kidney injury after coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective clinical trial

Introduction and objectivesTo evaluate the impact of dexmedetomidine impact on cardiac surgery-associated (CSA) acute renal failure, kidney function, and metabolic and oxidative stress in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with heart-lung machine support. MethodsA randomized double-masked trial with 238 participants (50-75 years) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022. The participants were divided into Dex (n=119) and normal saline (NS) groups (n=119). Dex was administered at 0.5 mcg/kg over 10minutes, then 0.4 mcg/kg/h until the end of surgery; the NS group received equivalent saline. Blood and urine were sampled at various time points pre- and postsurgery. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of CSA-acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as the occurrence of AKI within 96hours after surgery. ResultsThe incidence of CSA-AKI was significantly lower in the Dex group than in the NS group (18.26% vs 32.46%; P=.014). Substantial increases were found in estimated glomerular filtration rate value at T4–T6 (P<.05) and urine volume 24hours after surgery (P<.01). Marked decreases were found in serum creatinine level, blood glucose level at T1–T2 (P<.01), blood urea nitrogen level at T3–T6 (P<.01), free fatty acid level at T2–T3 (P<.01), and lactate level at T3–T4 (P<.01). ConclusionsDex reduces CSA-AKI, potentially by regulating metabolic disorders and reducing oxidative stress.

Improved levels of checkpoint molecule PD-L1 on peripheral blood monocyte subsets in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients upon hypoglossal nerve stimulation.

Oxidative stress in patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with a low-grade systemic inflammation, immune disturbance, and increased invasion of monocytes into the endothelium. Besides continuous positive airway pressure (PAP), hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) has become a promising treatment option for patients with OSAS. We aimed to analyse the influence of HNS therapy on the cellular characteristics relevant for adhesion and immune regulation of circulating CD14/CD16 monocyte subsets. Whole blood flow cytometric measurements were performed to analyse the expression levels of different adhesion molecules and checkpoint molecule PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) in connection with pro-inflammatory plasma cytokine IL-8 and the clinical values of BMI (body mass index), AHI (apnea-hypopnea index), ODI (oxygen desaturation index), and ESS (Epworth sleepiness scale) upon HNS treatment. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation treatment significantly improved the expression of adhesion molecule CD162 (P-selectin receptor) on non-classical monocytes and significantly downregulated the expression of PD-L1 on all three monocyte subsets. We conclude that the holistic improvement of different parameters such as the oxygenation of the peripheral blood, a reduced systemic inflammation, and the individual sleeping situation upon HNS respiratory support, leads to an improved immunologic situation.

Gallic Acid-Based Hydrogels for Phloretin Intestinal Release: A Promising Strategy to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Chronic Diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion and/or action. In patients with diabetes, complications such as blindness, delayed wound healing, erectile dysfunction, renal failure, heart disease, etc., are generally related to an increase in ROS levels which, when activated, trigger hyperglycemia-induced lesions, inflammation and insulin resistance. In fact, extensive cell damage and death occurs mainly due to the effect that ROS exerts at the level of cellular constituents, causing the deterioration of DNA and peroxidation of proteins and lipids. Furthermore, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalance of redox levels in diabetic patients produce insulin resistance. These destructive effects can be controlled by the defense network of antioxidants of natural origin such as phloretin and gallic acid. For this reason, the objective of this work was to create a nanocarrier (hydrogel) based on gallic acid containing phloretin to increase the antioxidant effect of the two substances which function as fundamental for reducing the mechanisms linked to oxidative stress in patients suffering from chronic diabetes. Furthermore, since the bioavailability problems of phloretin at the intestinal level are known, this carrier could facilitate its release and absorption. The obtained hydrogel was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Its degree of swelling (a%) and phloretin release were tested under pH conditions simulating the gastric and intestinal environment (1.2, 6.8 and 7.4). The antioxidant activity, inhibiting lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomal membranes induced in vitro by a free radical source, was evaluated for four hours. All results showed that gallate hydrogel could be applied for releasing intestinal phloretin and reducing the ROS levels.

Oxidative Stress after on-Pump Cardiac Surgery in Patients with Preoperative Renal Dysfunction

Background: Renal dysfunction is a global health burden with a rising prevalence and increased morbidity and mortality. Since the complex and multifactorial pathophysiology of this disease and its consequences is not entirely understood, novel mechanisms are currently under investigation, one being oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde is a product of lipid peroxidation and has been widely utilised as an indirect biomarker of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the perioperative oxidative stress in patients with preoperative renal dysfunction undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery. Methods: In 115 patients scheduled for on-pump cardiac surgery, serum concentrations of malondialdehyde were obtained pre-, intra- and postoperatively. The patients were enrolled into two study groups regarding their preoperative renal function, and the malondialdehyde concentrations were compared between the study groups. Results: Patients with preoperative renal dysfunction were older and had a higher mean EuroSCORE II score. On postoperative days 1, 2 and 3, the serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in patients with preoperative renal dysfunction compared to those with normal kidney function. Using regression analysis, preoperative renal dysfunction was shown to be an independent predictor of higher postoperative malondialdehyde levels at all tested time points. Conclusions: In a pioneering study correlating cardiopulmonary bypass and oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde, patients with preoperative renal dysfunction were found to exhibit more pronounced and prolonged oxidative stress resulting in protracted lipid peroxidation in the early postoperative period compared to patients with normal kidney function.

Thiol-Disulfide Balance in Fibromyalgia: A Case-Control Study

Aim. We aimed to examine the thiol-disulfide (SS) balance, a recognized marker of oxidative stress, in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).&#x0D; Methods. The study comprised 98 female participants (61 newly diagnosed patients and 37 patients under treatment) with FMS, along with 82 apparently healthy female volunteers. In both groups, assessments were conducted using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Short Form-36 (SF-36), Tender Point Count, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Native thiol (NT) and total thiol (TT) levels were measured, SS levels and SS/NT ratio were calculated.&#x0D; Results. FMS patients demonstrated significantly lower NT levels, higher SS levels, and an elevated SS/NT ratio compared to the control group (p&lt; 0.05 for all groups). In FMS patients, a statistically significant correlation was found between SS level and the SS/NT ratio, as well as the number of tender points (r=-0.24, p=0.02; r=-0.21, p=0.04), SF-36 pain subscales (r=0.22, p=0.032; r=0.21, p=0.04), and BAI scores (r=-0.22, p=0.01; r=-0.23 p=0.03). In the subgroup analysis, all health assessment scales were observed to exhibit statistically significant differences between the under-treatment group and newly-diagnosed group when compared to the control group (p&lt; 0.05 for all groups). The FIQ, VAS, FSS, and BAI scores were found to be significantly lower in the under-treatment group as compared to the newly-diagnosed group (p&lt; 0.05 for all groups). In the newly-diagnosed group, NT was significantly lower and the SS/NT ratio was significantly higher than those in the control group (p&lt; 0.05). In the under-treatment group, SS levels and SS/NT ratio were significantly higher as compared to the control group (p&lt; 0.05). In the multivariate regression analysis, which incorporated age, health assessment scales, patient subgroups, tender points, and duration of symptoms to predict the SS/NT ratio, variabes such as being in the under-treatment group, tender points, and BAI score were identified as significant predictors (p&lt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions. The thiol-SS balance was observed to shift in the oxidative direction, and oxidative stress was higher in the FMS group. The absence of a significant difference between the under-treatment group and the newly-diagnosed group in terms of thiol-SS balance parameters suggests a shift to oxidative stress in patients, independent of the treatment status.

Comment on the article of V.V. Antonova et al. “The effect of a tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine diacetate (Dalargin) on oxidative stress in patients with severe combined trauma: a prospective clinical study”

Comment on the article of V.V. Antonova et al. “The effect of a tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine diacetate (Dalargin) on oxidative stress in patients with severe combined trauma: a prospective clinical study”

No evidence of coronary plaque stabilization by allopurinol in patients with acute coronary syndrome

BackgroundAllopurinol, a xanthine inhibitor that lowers uric acid concentration, has been proven to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, it is unknown whether these beneficial effects translate into favorable plaque modification in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). This study aimed to investigate whether allopurinol could improve coronary plaque stabilization using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). MethodsThis was a prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial began in March 2019. A total of 162 ACS patients aged 18–80 years with a blood level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ​> ​2 ​mg/L were included. The subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either allopurinol sustained-release capsules (at a dose of 0.25 ​g once daily) or placebo for 12 months. The plaque analysis was performed at CCTA. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in low-attenuation plaque volume (LAPV) from baseline to the 12-month follow-up. ResultsAmong 162 patients, 54 in allopurinol group and 51 in placebo group completed the study. The median follow-up duration was 14 months in both groups. Compared with placebo, allopurinol therapy did not significantly alter LAPV (−13.4 ​± ​3.7 ​% vs. −17.8 ​± ​3.6 ​%, p ​= ​0.390), intermediate attenuation plaque volume (−16.1 ​± ​3.0 ​% vs. −16.2 ​± ​2.9 ​%, p ​= ​0.992), dense calcified plaque volume (12.2 ​± ​13.7 ​% vs. 9.7 ​± ​13.0 ​%, p ​= ​0.894), total atheroma volume (−15.2 ​± ​3.2 ​% vs. −16.4 ​± ​3.1 ​%, p ​= ​0.785), remodeling index (2.0 ​± ​3.9 ​% vs. 5.4 ​± ​3.8 ​%, p ​= ​0.536) or hsCRP levels (−73.6 [−91.6–17.9] % vs. −81.2 [−95.4–47.7] %, p ​= ​0.286). ConclusionsOur findings suggest that allopurinol does not improve atherosclerotic plaque stability or inflammation in ACS.

The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in Monitoring Oral Health in Patients with Implants and Periodontitis

Oxidative stress, a physiological process that can damage cells, is known to affect various aspects of oral health. Oxidative stress can influence dental implant longevity and health. Assessing biomarkers of oxidative stress in saliva is beneficial for diagnosing and tracking the progression of oral diseases. A study is made of salivary oxidative stress in patients with dental implants with or without periodontitis. The study consisted of the following groups: Group1 (healthy without dental implants); Group 2 (subjects undergoing periodontal maintenance without dental implants); Group 3 (healthy patients with implants older than six months); and Group 4 (patients undergoing periodontal maintenance with implants older than six months). A complete examination of the oral cavity was made in each patient and a questionnaire was used to assess habits of hygiene, quality of life, and information about the implants. The following parameters were recorded in unstimulated whole saliva: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and total proteins (TP). A total of 160 patients were studied, with 40 patients per group. The mean oxidative stress biomarker values obtained in the patients without implants and with implants were FRAP 0.590 ± 0.514 and 0.588 ± 0.334 mmol/L (p = 0.974); TEAC 0.320 ± 0.223 and 0.315 ± 0.172 mmol/L (p = 0.879); CUPRAC 0.286 ± 0.216 and 0.288 ± 0.151 mmol/L (p = 0.956); AOPP 456.04 ± 789.75 and 430.65 ± 752.05 µmol/L (p = 0.838); and TP 73.90 ± 50.83 and 70.36 ± 56.93 mg/dL (p = 0.684), respectively. No substantial variations were noted in the salivary oxidative stress biomarker levels between patients with controlled periodontal disease and/or dental implants compared to healthy individuals.

Thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection in a hypertensive hyperthyroid cat

Aortic dissection is an uncommon finding in both dogs and cats. The precise pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the development of aortic dissection remain unclear. In humans, aortic dissection is usually secondary to another systemic disease, such as systemic arterial hypertension, an abnormality of connective tissues or a parietal trauma. This is a case of an aortic dissection in a hypertensive hyperthyroid cat, presenting with haemorrhagic pericardial effusion. The dissection affected both thoracic and abdominal aorta, with histopathological confirmation. This case is an example of the utility of both thoracic and abdominal ultrasound for the diagnosis of aortic dissection in cats and it highlights the importance of rigorous clinical examination. Aortic dissection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pericardial effusion in cats. Further investigations are fundamental to understand how dissections develop and extend to achieve good clinical results.&#x0D; REFERENCES&#x0D; &#x0D; Braverman et al. (2012) Diseases of the aorta. In: Braunwald’s Heart Disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 9th Eds Bonow R, Mann D, Zipes D, Libby P. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1319-1331.&#x0D; Chetboul et al. (2006) Quantitative assessment of velocities of the annulus of the left atrioventricular valve and left ventricular free wall in healthy cats by use of two-dimensional colour tissue Doppler imaging. Am. J. Vet. Res. 2006, 67: 250-258.&#x0D; Cojocaru et al. (2013) Evaluation of oxidative stress in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine. 51(2):97-106.&#x0D; D’Ancona et al. (2014) Computational analysis to predict false-lumen perfusion and outcome of type B aortic dissection. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 148 (4):1756-1758.&#x0D; Gouni et al. (2018) Aortic dissecting aneurysm associated with systemic arterial hypertension in a cat. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 160(5):320-324.&#x0D; Liao et al. (2008) A proteomic study of the aortic media in human thoracic aortic dissection: implication for oxidative stress. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 136(1):65-72.&#x0D; Liu et al. (2016) Ursodeoxycholic acid attenuates acute aortic dissection formation in angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient mice associated with reduced ROS and increased Nrf2 levels. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 38(4): 1391-1405.&#x0D; Phillippi et al. (2009) Basal and oxidative stress-induced expression of metallothionein is decreased in ascending aortic aneurysms of bicuspid aortic valve patients. Circulation. 119(18):2498-2506.&#x0D; Qin et al. (2016) Dynamic monitoring of platelet activation and its role in post-dissection inflammation in a canine model of acute type A aortic dissection. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 11(1):86.&#x0D; Qing et al. (2012) Ex-vivo haemodynamic models for the study of Stanford type B aortic dissection in isolated porcine aorta. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 44(4):399-405.&#x0D; Waldrop et al. (2003) Aortic dissection associated with aortic aneurysms and posterior paresis in a dog. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 17(2):223-229.&#x0D; Wang et al. (2013) An experimental model of Stanford type B aortic dissection with intravenous epinephrine injection. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences. 29(4):194-199.&#x0D; Wey AC, Atkins CE (2000). Aortic dissection and congestive heart failure associated with systemic hypertension in a cat. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 14(2):208-213.&#x0D;

Application of Electrolyzed Hydrogen Water for Management of Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis Treatment-Perspective View.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is globally on the rise, has become an urgent challenge from the perspective of public health, given its risk factors such as end-stage renal failure, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. The pathophysiology of CKD, including dialysis patients, is deeply associated with enhanced oxidative stress in both the kidneys and the entire body. Therefore, the introduction of a safe and widely applicable antioxidant therapy is expected as a measure against CKD. Electrolyzed hydrogen water (EHW) generated through the electrolysis of water has been confirmed to possess chemical antioxidant capabilities. In Japan, devices producing this water have become popular for household drinking water. In CKD model experiments conducted to date, drinking EHW has been shown to suppress the progression of kidney damage related to hypertension. Furthermore, clinical studies have reported that systemic oxidative stress in patients undergoing dialysis treatment using EHW is suppressed, leading to a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular complications. In the future, considering EHW as one of the comprehensive measures against CKD holds significant importance. The medical utility of EHW is believed to be substantial, and further investigation is warranted.

Effect of different nutrients on blood glucose, inflammatory response and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis.

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, China Biomedical Literature Database and other databases from inception to June 2023. The included studies were randomised controlled trials (RCT). The studies were screened by four authors, divided into two independent pairs. A total of eighteen studies were included, including 1362 patients, involving twelve intervention measures. The different nutrients had a significant effect on improving blood glucose, reducing inflammation levels and reducing oxidative stress compared with placebo (P < 0.05). Cumulative probability ranking showed that vitamin A + vitamin D + vitamin E ranked first in lowering fasting blood glucose (standardised mean difference (SMD) = 41.30, 95 % CI (2.07, 825.60)) and postprandial 2-h blood glucose (SMD = 15.19, 95 % CI (4.16, 55.53)). In terms of insulin resistance index, the first highest probability ranking is vitamin D (SMD = 5.12, 95 % CI (0.76, 34.54)). In terms of reducing the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, the first in probability ranking is VE (SMD = 2.58, 95 % CI (1.87,3.55)). The results of cumulative probability ranking showed that Mg + Zn + Ca + VD ranked first in reducing TNF-α (SMD = 1.90, 95% CI (0.40, 9.08)) and IL-6 (SMD = 1.83, 95 % CI (0.37, 9.12)). In terms of reducing malondialdehyde levels, the first ranked probability is VB1 (SMD = 4.99, 95 % CI (1.85, 13.46)). Cumulative probability ranking results showed that Ca + VD ranked first in reducing total antioxidant capacity (SMD = 0.66,95 % CI (0.38, 1.15)) and glutathione (SMD = 1.39, 95 % CI (0.43, 4.56)). In conclusion, nutritional interventions have significant effects on improving blood glucose, inflammatory levels and oxidative stress in patients with gestational diabetes. Due to the high uncertainty in the results and differences in the number and quality of studies included, the reliability of the conclusions still needs to be validated by conducting large-sample, high-quality RCT studies.

The effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in patients with acute ischemic stroke

The effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Utility of expression of 4-hydroxynonenal tested by immunohistochemistry for cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer (CC) is a leading cause of mortality in women around the world, with the highest incidence rate still being in developing countries. The most common aetiological factor is infection with high-risk human papilloma virus viral strains. Oxidative stress through generation of reactive oxygen species leads to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Studies show that reactive lipid electrophiles such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) produced in the process play an important role in cancer signalling pathways and are a good biomarker for oxidative stress. We aim to investigate the prognostic role of 4-HNE as a biomarker for oxidative stress in patients in early and advanced stages of CC measured by immunohistochemistry. This is a retrospective study of 69 patients treated at our Department of Oncogynaecology. Paraffin embedded tumour tissues were immunohistochemically tested for the levels of expression of 4-HNE. The results for H-score, Allred score, and combined score were investigated for association with tumour size, lymph node status, andInternational Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stage. 4-hydroxynonenal showed higher expression in more advanced stages of CC and in cases with involved lymph nodes. Tumour size was not associated with the levels of 4-HNE. To best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of 4-HNE as a prognostic factor in CC. The 3 score systems showed similar results. The pattern of 4-HNE histological appearance is dependent on the histological origin of cancer and is not universal.